have got or has got

Affirmative sentences

long form	contracted form
I have got a brother.	I've got a brother.
You have got a sister.	You've got a sister.
He has got a budgie.	He's got a budgie.
She has got a dog.	She's got a dog.
It has got Bluetooth.	It's got Bluetooth.
We have got CDs.	We've got CDs.
You have got a nice room.	You've got a nice room.
They have got pets.	They've got pets.

Negations

long form	contracted form
I have not got a brother.	I haven't got a brother. oder I've not got a brother.
You have not got a sister.	You haven't got a sister. oder You've not got a sister.
He has not got a budgie.	He hasn't got a budgie. oder He's not got a budgie.
She has not got a dog.	She hasn't got a dog. oder She's not got a dog.
It has not got Bluetooth.	It hasn't got Bluetooth. oder It's not got Bluetooth.
We have not got CDs.	We haven't got CDs. oder We've not got CDs.
You have not got a nice room.	You haven't got a nice room. oder You've not got a nice room.
They have not got pets.	They haven't got pets. oder They've not got pets.

Spelling:
There is not >e< hasn't.
correct: She hasn't got a ruler.
incorrect: She hasen't got a ruler.

Questions

question	short answer
Have I got time?	Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
Have you got lots of friends?	Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
Has he got a mobile phone?	Yes, he has. No, he hasn't.
Has she got a pink car?	Yes, she has. No, she hasn't.
Has it got mudguards?	Yes, it has. No, it hasn't.
Have we got milk?	Yes, we have. No, we haven't.
Have you got a brown bag?	Yes, we have. No, we haven't.
Have they got nice books?	Yes, they have. No, they haven't.

Do not use >got< in the short answer.
Have they got lots of friends?
correct: Yes, they have.
incorrect: Yes, they have got.

have or have got

Affirmative sentences

>have<	>have got<
I have a brother.	I have got a brother. I've got a brother.
You have a sister.	You have got a sister. You've got a sister.
He has a cat.	He has got a cat. He's got a cat.
She has a dog.	She has got a dog. She's got a dog.
It has Bluetooth.	It has got Bluetooth. It's got Bluetooth.
We have books.	We have got books. We've got books.
You have a nice room.	You have got a nice room. You've got a nice room.
They have pets.	They have got pets. They've got pets.

have got is often used in its contracted form even in written language.

Negative sentences

>have<	>have got<
I do not have a brother. I don't have a brother.	I have not got a brother. or I haven't got a brother. or I've not got a brother.
You do not have a sister. You don't have a sister.	You have not got a sister. or You haven't got a sister. or You've not got a sister.
He does not have a cat. He doesn't have a cat.	He has not got a cat. or He hasn't got a cat. or He's not got a cat.
She does not have a dog. She doesn't have a dog.	She has not got a dog. or She hasn't got a dog. or She's not got a dog.
It does not have Bluetooth. It doesn't have Bluetooth.	It has not got Bluetooth. or It hasn't got Bluetooth. or It's not got Bluetooth.
We do not have books. We don't have books.	We have not got books. or We haven't got books. or We've not got books.
You do not have a nice room. You don't have a nice room.	You have not got a nice room. or You haven't got a nice room. or You've not got a nice room.
They do not have pets. They don't have pets.	They have not got pets. or They haven't got pets. or They've not got pets.

Questions

>have<	>have got<
Do I have time?	Have I got time?
Do you have pets?	Have you got pets?
Does he have a computer?	Has he got a computer?
Does she have a mobile phone?	Has she got a mobile phone?
Does it have mudguards?	Has it got mudguards?
Do we have ketchup?	Have we got ketchup?
Do you have a yellow car?	Have you got a yellow car?
Do they have nice teachers?	Have they got nice teachers?

Negations in questions:

Don't you have a brother?

Haven't you got a brother?

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Be careful!

1) The contracted forms 've or 's are only used with have got - not with have.

correct	incorrect
I've got a new mobile phone.	I've a new mobile phone.
He's got a new car.	He's a new car.

2) Do not use an auxiliary with have got - only with have. Be careful when using negations.

correct	incorrect
Have you got garden?	Do you have got a garden?
Do you have a pet?	Have you a pet?
They haven't got a house.	They haven't a house.

3) >have< cannot always be substituted with >have got<. You can only substitute >have< with >have got< when you talk about possession and relationships.

have got	have
I've got a brother.	I have a brother.
incorrect: I had got an accident.	I had an accident.
incorrect: We had got lunch.	We had lunch.

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In American English >have< is dropped in informal speech like in the following example.
We've got a problem. -> We got a problem

have to, had to

have to in affirmative sentences (Simple Present)

Example:

I/we/you/they have to get up early.
He/she/it has to get up early.

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have to in negative sentences (Simple Present)

I/we/you/they do not have to get up early.
He/she/it does not have to get up early.
contracted forms:
I/we/you/they don't have to get up early.
He/she/it doesn't have to get up early.

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have to in questions (Simple Present)

Example:

Do I/we/you/they have to get up early?
Does he/she/it have to get up early

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had to in affirmative sentences (Simple Past)

Example:

I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they had to get up early.

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had to in negative sentences (Simple Past)

Example:

I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they did not have to get up early
contracted forms:
I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they didn't have to get up early.

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had to in questions (Simple Past)

Example:

Did I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they have to get up early?

Long forms, contracted forms (short forms)

to be (am, are, is)

affirmative		negative
long form	short form	long form	short form
I am	I'm	I am not	I'm not
he, she, it:
he is	he's	he is not	he isn't oder he's not
we, you, they:
we are	we're	we are not	we aren't oder we're not

to be (was, were)

affirmative		negative
long form	short form	long form	short form
I, he, she, it:
he was	-	he was not	he wasn't
we, you, they:
we were	-	we were not	we weren't

have got

affirmative		negative
long form	short form	long form	short form
I, we, you, they:
we have got	we've got	we have not got	we've not got oder we haven't got
he, she, it:
he has got	he's got	he has not got	he's not got oder he hasn't got

had

affirmative		negative
long form	short form	long form	short form
every time regardless the subject (I, he, she, it, we, you, they):
I had	I'd	I had not	I hadn't

do

affirmative		negative
long form	short form	long form	short form
I, we, you, they:
I do	-	I do not	I don't
he, she, it:
he does	-	he does not	he doesn't

did

affirmative		negative
long form	short form	long form	short form
every time regardless the subject (I, he, she, it, we, you, they):
I did	-	I did not	I didn't

Modals (can, could, must, might, will, would, shall, should, ought to)

affirmative		negative
long form	short form	long form	short form
can	-	cannot	can't
could	-	could not	couldn't
must	-	must not	mustn't
might	-	might not	--
need	-	need not	needn't
will	'll	will not	won't
would	'd	would not	wouldn't
shall	-	shall not	shan't
should	'd	should not	shouldn't
ought to	-	ought not to	oughtn't to

The short forms 's and 'd have two different long forms:
he's = he is oder he has
he'd = he would oder he had
We seldom use short forms after names and nouns.
Peter has got a book. = Peter's got a book.
The children have visited London. = The children've visited London.
When have is a full verb, we do not use the short form.
They have breakfast at 6 o'clock.

may - to be allowed to

Modals - Explanation

We substitute "may" with "to be allowed to".

Affirmative sentences

Tense	Modal	Form
Simple Present	I may play football.	I am allowed to play football. I'm allowed to play football.
Simple Past	Do not use may in the Simple Past.	I was allowed to play football.
will-future	Do not use may in the will-future.	I will be allowed to play football. I'll be allowed to play football.

There are also other tenses possible:
e.g. Present Perfect: I have been allowed to play football.

Negations

Tense	Modal	Form
Simple Present	I may not play football.	I am not allowed to play football. I'm not allowed to play football.
Simple Past	Do not use may not in the Simple Past.	I was not allowed to play football. I wasn't allowed to play football.
will-future	Do not use may not in the will-future.	I will not be allowed to play football. I won't be allowed to play football.

Questions

Tense	Modal	Form
Simple Present	May he play football.	Is he allowed to play football?
Simple Past	Do not use may in the Simple Past.	Was he allowed to play football?
will-future	Do not use may in the will-future.	Will he be allowed to play football?

 

Modals - English Grammar

1) can

Use	Examples
ability to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be able to)	I can speak English.
permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to)	Can I go to the cinema?
request	Can you wait a moment, please?
offer	I can lend you my car till tomorrow.
suggestion	Can we visit Grandma at the weekend?
possibility	It can get very hot in Arizona.

2) could

Use	Examples
ability to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be able to)	I could speak English.
permission to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be allowed to)	I could go to the cinema.
polite question *	Could I go to the cinema, please?
polite request *	Could you wait a moment, please?
polite offer *	I could lend you my car till tomorrow.
polite suggestion *	Could we visit Grandma at the weekend?
possibility *	It could get very hot in Montana.

3) may

Use	Examples
possibility	It may rain today.
permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to)	May I go to the cinema?
polite suggestion	May I help you?

4) might

Use	Examples
possibility (less possible than may) *	It might rain today.
hesitant offer *	Might I help you?

5) must

Use	Examples
force, necessity	I must go to the supermarket today.
possibility	You must be tired.
advice, recommendation	You must see the new film with Brad Pitt.

6) must not/may not

Use	Examples
prohibition	You mustn't work on dad's computer. You may not work on dad's computer.

7) need not

Use	Examples
not necessary	I needn't go to the supermarket, we're going to the restaurant tonight.

8) ought to

Use	Examples
advice	You ought to drive carefully in bad weather.
obligation	You ought to switch off the light when you leave the room.

9) shall

instead of will in the 1st person

Use	Examples
suggestion	Shall I carry your bag?

10) should

Use	Examples
advice	You should drive carefully in bad weather.
obligation	You should switch off the light when you leave the room.

11) will

Use	Examples
wish, request, demand, order (less polite than would)	Will you please shut the door?
prediction, assumption	I think it will rain on Friday.
promise	I will stop smoking.
spontaneous decision	Can somebody drive me to the station? - I will.
habits	She's strange, she'll sit for hours without talking.

12) would

Use	Examples
wish, request (more polite than will)	Would you shut the door, please?
habits in the past	Sometimes he would bring me some flowers.

* no past forms - future forms

must - to have to

Modals - Explanation

We substitute "must" with "to have to".
Be careful: The negation of must means not allowed to.

Affirmative sentences

 

Tense	Modal	Form
Simple Present	I must play football.	I have to play football.
Simple Past	Do not use must in the Simple Past.	I had to play football.
will-future	Do not use must in the will-future.	I will have to play football.

Negations

Tense		Modal	Form
Simple Present	1	I must not play football. I mustn't play football.	I am not allowed to play football. I'm not allowed to play football.
	2	I need not play football. I needn't play football.	I do not have to play football. I don't have to play football.
	3	I do not need to play football. I don't need to play football.
Simple Past	1	Do not use must not in the Simple Past.	I was not allowed to play football. I wasn't allowed to play football.
	2	Do not use need not in the Simple Past.	I did not have to play football. I didn't have to play football.
	3	I did not need to play football. I didn't need to play football.
will-future	1	Do not use must not in the will-future.	I will not be allowed to play football. I won't be allowed to play football.
	2	Do not use need not in the will-future.	I will not have to play football. I won't have to play football.
	3	I will not need to play football. I won't need to play football.

Questions

Tense		Modal	Form
Simple Present	4	Must he play football?	Does he have to play football?
	5	Does he need to play football?
Simple Past	4	Do not use must in the Simple Past.	Did he have to play football?
	5	Did he need to play football?
will-future	4	Do not use must in the will-future.	Will he have to play football?
	5	Will he need to play football?